DALY FRED 1911-1990

Fred Daly was born in Portrush, County Antrim and was a professional golfer. In 1944 he was appointed pro at Balmoral where he remained until 1990. He won the Irish Open in 1946 and in 1947 won the British Open Golf Championship. He won the British Professional Matchplay title in 1947, 1948 and 1952. He attained Ryder Cup honours three times, in 1947, 1949 and 1953. He won the Ulster professional title eleven times and the Irish Professional Championship three times. He won many cups and was awarded the MBE in 1983. In 1984 he became the third golfer to join the Texaco Hall of Fame.

DALEY, VICTOR JAMES 1858-1905

Victor James Daley was born in Navan, County Armagh, and after a term as a clerk at Plymouth he emigrated to Australia. He was considered the leading poet in Australia and had two volumes of verse published. He died in Sydney after a lifelong connection with the Australian press. [Biography by A. G. Stephens 1905]

DALLAN, ST d. c.600

Dallan was born in what is now County Cavan. He was known as Forgail and he was very learned. At a convention of bards at Drumcett in 575 he recited his poem on St Colmcille, who was present. His feast-day is on the 29th of January.

D'ALTON, JOHN F. 1883-1963

John D'Alton was born in Claremorris, County Mayo, and was educated at Blackrock, Clongowes and the Irish College, Rome. In 1908 he was ordained and undertook postgraduate studies in Oxford and Cambridge. In 1912 he was appointed to the Chair of Ancient Classics in Maynooth, becoming President of the college in 1936. In 1942 he became Bishop of Meath and four years later was translated to Armagh as Archbishop and Primate of All Ireland. In 1953 he became a Cardinal. When the second Vatican Council met, Cardinal D'Alton was appointed as a member of the Central Preparatory Commission. He returned to Ireland in 1962. Among his publications are Horace and His Age: A Study in Historical Background; Roman Literary Theory and Criticism: A Study in Tendencies and Selections from St John Chrysostom.

D'ARCY, CHARLES FREDERICK 1859-1938

Charles Frederick D'Arcy was born in Dublin and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was ordained in 1884 and in 1903 became Bishop of Clogher, four years later of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin, and in 1911 of Down, Connor and Dromore. He was opposed to Home Rule and signed the Ulster Covenant in 1912. In 1919 he was elected Archbishop of Dublin, and a year later was translated to Armagh. Among his publications are A Short Study of Ethics; Idealism and Theology; Science and Creation; God Is Science and The Adventures of a Bishop.

DARGAN, WILLIAM 1799-1867

William Dargan was born in County Carlow and worked on engineering projects in England under Telford. He was contracted to build many railways in Ireland, including the Dublin railway, and the Ulster canal. He financially guaranteed the great Dublin Exhibition of 1853 and entertained Queen Victoria on her visit to the country. He later declined a baronetcy. He fell from a horse in 1866 and sustained serious injury which terminated his career.

DARLEY, JOHN fl. 1664

John Darley was a mason and carpenter. He is first mentioned as having worked on a wall and one tower of Lisburn Castle, County Antrim. He built a house for William Benson in Lisburn and was much sought after as a craftsman. He was said to be `a little of a Quaker'. When the town of Lisburn was destroyed by fire Darley's work was probably also destroyed.

DARLEY, JOHN RICHARD 1799-1884

John Darley was born in Fairfield, County Monaghan, andwas educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was appointed headmaster of Dundalk Grammar School in 1826, and of the Royal School Dungannon in 1831. In 1874 he was consecrated Bishop of Kilmore. Among his publications are The Grecian Drama and Homer.

DARRAGH, WILLIAM 1813-1892

William Darragh was born in Hillsborough, County Down, was educated in Belfast and was for forty-seven years curator of the Belfast Museum.

DAVIDSON, SAMUEL 1806-1899

Samuel Davidson was born in Kellswater, County Antrim, and was educated at the Royal Academical Institution in Belfast. He became a Presbyterian minister in 1833 and was later appointed Professor of Biblical Criticism in Belfast. Lancashire Independent College, Manchester, employed him in the same capacity, but because of his heterodox views he resigned in 1856. He published many theological works, including The Text of the Old Testament Considered. He was one of the pioneers of English biblical criticism, and his autobiography was published in 1890.

DAVIDSON, SAMUEL 1846-1921

Samuel Davidson was born in Belfast and went to India to help his cousin run a tea plantation. In 1877 he designed a a tea-drier and later set up his own firm in Belfast to construct driers. This led to the design of the Sirocco forward-bladed centrifugal fan.

DAVIES, JOHN 1569-1626

John Davies came to Ireland in 1603 as Solicitor-General. Three years later he became Attorney-General and made a full report of the Flight of the Earls. In 1608 he went to Ulster to indict Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and Rory O'Donnell, Earl of Tyrconnell. As a consequence of the jury's having convicted O'Neill, John Davies acquired four thousand acres of land in County Tyrone He flouted the stipulation that houses should be built and freeholders planted. He returned to England in 1619. He published A Discovery of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Never Entirely Subdued nor Brought under Obedience to the Crown of England until the Beginning of His Majesty's Happy Reign (1612).

DAVIES, JOHN HENRY 1838-1909

John Davies was born in England; he came to Ireland as a boy and was educated at a private school run by the Society of Friends. He was involved in the linen business as manager of a bleach works near Lisburn and later near Banbridge and was a recognised authority on the linen trade. He became interested in botany and had a wide knowledge of Irish flora and was a member of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. He studied mosses and discovered several new varieties. He published papers in the Phytologist and the Irish Naturalist.

DAVIS, FRANCIS 1810-1885

Francis Davis, originally from Cork, was a muslin weaver and later an assistant librarian at Queen's College, Belfast. He was editor of the Belfastman's Journal and contributed poetry to several newspapers, including The Nation. His collected poems were published in 1878 and he was known as 'The Belfastman'.

DAWSON, ARTHUR 1695-1775

Arthur Dawson was born in Castledawson, County Londonderry, and was a lawyer, a poet and a baron. He was author of the song 'Bumpers, Squire Jones', which was written to a composition of his contemporary, Carolan, in honour of Squire Jones of Moneyglass, near Toome.

DAWSON, JOSHUA 1660-1725

Joshua Dawson's family came from Dawson's Bridge, County Londonderry. He served as member of parliament for County Wicklow from 1713 to 1714. He is remembered for having built the Mansion House in Dawson Street, Dublin, in 1710.

DAY, JOHN GODFREY FITZMAURICE 1874-1938

Godfrey Day was born into the family of the Bishop of Clogher, was educated in England, and was ordained a minister of the Church of Ireland. From 1914 until 1920 he was Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. From 1920 until 1938 he was Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin, and was then appointed Archbishop of Armagh.

DEASE, WILLIAM c.1750-1798

William Dease was born in Lisney, County Cavan, and was educated in Dublin and Paris, where he became a surgeon. He helped to found the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin and served as its first professor, then later as its first President. In 1798 he died in mysterious circumstances. His publications include Observations on Wounds in the Head; Different Methods of Treating the Venereal Diseases; Radical Cure of Hydrocele and Observations on Midwifery. A statue and a bust have been erected to his memory in the hall of the College of Surgeons.

DE BLACAM, AODH 1890-1951

Aodh de Blacam was born in London, the son of an Ulster family. He learned Irish in London from Robert Lynd, and in 1915 went to Ireland as a journalist. He was interned by the Black and Tans for his nationalist writings. He published The Story of Colmcille in 1929; Gaelic Literature Surveyed in the same year, and The Life of Wolfe Tone in 1935. Other books were Towards the Republic and The Black North; as well as the lives of Irish saints. He was also a playwright, having written King Dan and Two Kingdoms. He worked on the staff of the Irish Times, was Editor of the Standard and wrote for the Irish Press under the pseudonym 'Roddy the Rover'. Until 1947 he was a member of the Fianna Fail executive, but resigned to join Clann na Poblachta. He was defeated in the election for County Louth in 1948, but became a member of the Emigration Commission and later Director of Publicity of the Department of Health.

DE BLAGHD, EARNAN see BLYTHE, ERNEST

DE BURGH, ELIZABETH b.1332

Elizabeth de Burgh was the daughter of William de Burgh, the 'Brown Earl', who was murdered at instigation of his cousins. Elizabeth was sole heir to the Earldom of Ulster, and was taken to England by her mother while still a child. She later married Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the son of Edward III, who became 5th Earl of Ulster on their marriage in 1352. Although he was unable to enforce his rights, through him the English royal family had a claim to the large de Burgh estates in Ireland, which right they revived in Tudor times.

DE BURGH, RICHARD d.1326

Richard de Burgh was the son of Walter de Burgh and Maud de Lacy and was educated at the court of Henry III. He was known as the 'Red Earl', 2nd Earl of Ulster, and was successful in his campaigns against the Scots, whereby he was made general of the Irish forces. He founded many monasteries, one of them in Greencastle, County Down. He feasted the Anglo-Norman knights and then confined himself to a monastery, where he died the same year.

DE BURGH, WALTER d.1271

Walter de Burgh was the son of Richard de Burgh, Lord of Connaught. He married Maud de Lacy, daughter of Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster. When Maud's father died in 1243 Walter de Burgh became Earl of Ulster.

DE BURGH, WILLIAM 1312-1332

William de Burgh was the grandson of Richard de Burgh. When his grandfather died, William succeeded to the earldom of Ulster at the age of fourteen; he was known as the 'Brown Earl'. He captured his cousin, Sir Walter and starved him to death in Greencastle, County Galway in 1332. He was murdered by Robert FitzRichard de Mandeville on his way to Carrickfergus, County Antrim. Three hundred of Mandeville's followers, it is said, were killed for this murder.

DECIES, BARON see BERESFORD, WILLIAM 1742-1819

DE COURCY, JOHN c.1150-1219

John de Courcy served under Henry II and came to Ireland after Strongbow's death. He moved northwards and seized Downpatrick, and despite attempts to remove him by troops raised under MacDunlevy, de Courcy stood his ground. He allotted portions of Down and Antrim to his followers. Gerald of Wales describes him as being 'of fair complexion' with large, strong limbs. De Courcy married Affreca, daughter of the King of Man and the Isles. She founded many religious establishments, among them for the Cistercian monks, Grey Abbey, County Down. King John would have taken de Courcy prisoner, but he managed to hold his possessions when he defeated the king's forces at Down in 1204. Eventually he was committed to the Tower of London, and it is said that he was sent from there to champion King John in single combat. This he did successfully, and the king restored him to his estates, and to the privilege of standing covered in the royal presence. Apparently he tried to land in Ireland, but was prevented fifteen times by storms, so he retired to France, where he died.

DE LACY, HUGH d. 1243

Hugh de Lacy was created Earl of Ulster in 1205, and obtained John de Courcy's Ulster estates after his death. In 1210 he fled to France, returning to England in 1221. He subsequntly returned to his estates in Ulster.

DELANEY, THOMAS 1947-1979

Thomas Delaney was born in Dublin, and was educated at Blackrock College and University College, Dublin. His excavation work at Carrickfergus has earned him a place as one of the country's leading archaeologists. He was the only Irish member of the British Archaeological Society. At the time of his death he was head of the Department of Medieval Archaeology at the Queen's University, Belfast.

DELANY, MARY [PENDARVES] nee GRANVILLE 1700-1788

Mary Delany was born in Wiltshire. When she was widowed after her marriage to Alexander Pendarves in 1724, she left Cornwall to live in London. In 1743 she married the Rev. Patrick Delany, who was a close friend of Jonathon Swift, and for a period was Dean of Down. They frequently visited Ulster. Her career as an artist began when she came to Ireland. She drew landscapes wherever they visited. She also designed fabrics and was a competent musician. Her major work, Hortus Siccus, which she began in 1772, is in the British Museum. She wrote an autobiography in six volumes. A selection of these were published in 1991 under the title Letters from Georgian Ireland, edited by Angelique Day.

DELANY, PATRICK c.1684-c.1768

Patrick Delany, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, of which he was made a fellow in 1709. He was appointed Dean of Down in 1744 and was a close friend of Swift, to whom he was executor and who described him as 'the most eminent preacher we have'. The work for which he is remembered is Observations upon Lord Orrery's Remarks upon the Life and Writings of Dr Jonathan Swift. In the three-volume Revelations Examined with Candour he deals with such issues as the defence of polygamy and Old Testament dietary laws. He published An Historical Account of the Life and Reign of King David in three volumes. In 1757 he founded The Humanist, a journal which denounced, for example, the docking of horses' tails. His bust is in the library of Trinity College.

DELARGY, JAMES HAMILTON (O DUILEARGA, SEAMUS) 1899-1980

James Delargy was born in Cushendall, County Antrim. When he was two years old his father died, and a few years later his family moved to Glenariffe, County Antrim. In 1907 James was sent to a convent school in Kilcool, County Wicklow, after which he was educated at Castleknock College and University College, Dublin. At the age of sixteen he made his first trip to the Gaeltacht on Rathlin Island. He visited the Aran Islands, Donegal and the Hebrides and recorded his first tale in Antrim Irish at Waterfoot. His degree in Celtic Studies led him to become a lecturer in Irish Language and Literature, and in 1945 he gave the Sir John Rhys Memorial Lecture to the British Academy. He became Professor of Folklore in 1946. He was fluent in Celtic, French, German, Swedish and Icelandic. He was instrumental in establishing the Folklore of Ireland Society, and edited its journal Bealoideas, for forty-six years. The Irish Folklore Commission, under Delargy's directorship collected, recorded and transcribed stories and folklore of a dying oral tradition. His publications include The Gaelic Storyteller; Leabhar Sheain I Chonaill and Seanchas on Oilean Tiar. He received honorary doctorates from Scandinavia, Nova Scotia, Wales and three Irish universities and was decorated by the governments of Sweden and Iceland.

DEMPSEY, ALEXANDER 1852-1920

Alexander Dempsey was born in Ballymoney, County Antrim. He was educated at St Malachy's College, Belfast, the Catholic University Medical School, Dublin, and Queen's College, Galway. He took the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the Royal University and the Diploma of the Royal College of Surgoens, Ireland in 1874. In the same year, he set up a medical practice in Donegall Street, Belfast, and he was one of the founder members of the North of Ireland Branch of the British Medical Association, of which he was honourable secretary and later president. He was a member of the Ulster Medical Association, and was its president from 1880 to 1891. He contributed numerous papers on medicine to both these societies, and to leading medical journals. In 1880 he was appointed a magistrate of the city of Belfast. He was closely associated with both the initiation and extension of the Mater Infirmorum Hospital. In 1911, he had a knighthood conferred upon him. He became a Justice of the Peace and was a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, and the Royal Academy of Medicine, Ireland.

DENVIR, JOHN 1834-1916

John Denvir was born in Bushmills, County Antrim, and moved to Liverpool, where he managed and edited the Catholic Times; the United Irishman; and the Nationalist. In 1870 he published 'Denvir's Penny Library', a series of books on Irish poetry, history and biography, and these were immensely popular. He published a pamphlet, The Catalpa, in 1877; The Irish in Britain in 1892, and in 1910 his autobiography Life Story of an Old Rebel.

DE PALATIO, OCTAVIAN d.1513

Octavian de Palatio lived in Florence and was sent to Armagh to be Archbishop by Pope Sixtus IV in 1480. He died having ruled his diocese for thirty-three years.

DESMOND, BRIDGET (nee BYRNE) 1865-1911

Bridget Desmond was born in County Donegal. She married John Desmond, and settled in Claudy, County Londonderry. She began her business by having shirts made up by out-workers, on behalf of Tillie & Henderson, one of the largest shirt manufacturers in Londonderry. She journeyed once a week in her pony and trap to collect the cut garments, and distribute them to the houses of the out-workers. She purchased sewing machines from the Singer Co. for hire by her workers, and these were paid for on a weekly basis. Later she decided to centralise the work by bringing the girls into the family home. Soon all the rroms were taken up and the first Desmond factory came into being. Her husband John joined her in building up the business which is now a major clothing supplier.

DESPARD, CHARLOTTE (nee FRENCH) 1844-1939

Charlotte Despard was born in England of Anglo-Irish parents. In 1890 she became a Catholic and until the 1920s was an active suffragist. She came to Ireland during 1916, shared a house with Maud Gonne, and was an active supporter of Sinn Fein. She visited the Soviet Union in 1930 and returned to Ireland with the anomalous identity of a Catholic Communist. She came to Belfast, where she eventually died. She is buried at Glasnevin Cemetery.

DE VALERA, RUAIDHRI 1916-1978

Ruaidhri De Valera was born in Dublin and educated at University College, Dublin. From 1946 to 1957 he was the Place-names and Archaeological Officer with Ordnance Survey. From 1957 to 1978 he was Professor of Celtic Archaeology at University College, Dublin. With Sean O Nuallain he published Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland in four volumes and he revised Sean O'Riordain's Antiquities of the Irish Countryside. He died in Enniskillen.

DEVEREUX, ROBERT 1567-1601

Robert Devereux was born in Herefordshire and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father, Walter Devereux, as 2nd Earl of Essex. In 1585 he fought in the Low Countries and became a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I. In 1596 he took Cadiz and destroyed the Spanish fleet, but after a quarrel with the queen he was sent to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant and Governor-General to fight against Hugh O'Neill. He garrisoned Newry, Dundalk, Drogheda, Wicklow and Naas, but defied his order to march against O'Neill in Ulster. Various expeditions in Ireland were unsucessful and cost him half his army, though after a defeat, he was said to decimate his own soldiers. In 1599 he met Hugh O'Neill and they concluded a peace, regarded in England as a dishonorable and dangerous treaty. Queen Elizabeth sent him an aggrieved letter and he returned, without her permission, to London where he was detained, a prisoner in his own home. He was tried at Westminster Hall, where his protege and former friend, Francis Bacon, spoke for the prosecution. He was eventually executed. During his lifetime he wrote numerous sonnets.

DEVEREUX, WALTER c.1540-1576

Walter Devereux was born in Carmarthenshire, Wales and in 1558 succeeded to his grandfather's titles, 3rd Baron Ferrers and Viscount Hereford. He became a Knight of the Garter and was created Earl of Essex in 1572 by Queen Elizabeth I. He came to Ulster in order to colonise it and was granted the district of Clandeboye. The English had failed to settle Ulster, which was under the domination of the O'Neills, led by Sir Brian MacPhelim and Turlough Luineach. They were supported by the Scots under Sorley Boy MacDonnell. In 1573, Essex was appointed captain- general, and Governor of Ulster the following year. He was involved in two acts of treachery, the first when his soldiers slaughtered the retainers of Brian MacPhelim O'Neill, at a banquet held by Essex, supposedly in their honour. The O'Neills were removed to Dublin where they were executed. In 1575 he slaughtered the entire population of Rathlin: six hundred men, women and children. After that, his plan for colonisation was abandonded by order of thew Queen. In 1576 he was appointed earl marshal of Ireland and granted the barony of Farney, County Monaghan. The following year he died in Dublin of dysentery. He is buried at Carmarthen.

DEVLIN, JOSEPH 1871-1934

Joseph Devlin was born in Hamill Street, Belfast, and was educated at Divis Street Christian Brothers' School. Before becoming a journalist on the Irish News, he worked as a barman. He was returned as member of parliament for North Kilkenny in 1902 and won the West Belfast seat in 1906. He served in the Northern Ireland parliament for Antrim. Until his death he was President of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, which he had revived in 1905. He defeated Eamon de Valera in the Falls division of Belfast in 1918 and retained the seat until 1922. He also represented Fermanagh and Tyrone at Westminster from 1929 to 1934, founded a holiday home for working women and funded outings for Belfast children.

DICKEY, EDWARD O'RORKE 1894-1977

Edward O'Rorke Dickey was born in Belfast and was educated at Wellington College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He studied art at Westminster School of Art in London, and exhibited with the New English Art Club and the Royal Academy. After the First World War he was living in Antrim. He was an original meber of the Society of Wood Engravers, and his woodcuts illustrated Richard Rowley's book of poems, Workers. He also published A Picture Book of British Art in 1931. During the 1920s he had been an art master Oundle School, and later became professor of fine art and director of King Edward VII School of Art, King's College, University of Durham from 1926 to 1931. For the next twenty-six years he was inspector of art for the Ministry of Education. His work is in the Ulster Museum, and the Cork and Limerick Municipal Art Galleries as well as the British Museum. He was awarded the CBE.

DICKIE, GEORGE 1812-1882

George Dickie was born in Aberdeen and studied arts, then medicine at the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh. After lecturing on botany in King's College, Aberdeen, he became University Librarian there. He was appointed first Professor of Natural History at Queen's College, Belfast, in 1849. In 1860 he returned to Aberdeen University, where he became Professor of Botany. He was made a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1863, an Honorary Fellow of the Edinburgh Botanical Society in 1877, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1881. He published papers on botanical subjects and was the foremost authority on marine algae. Among his works are the Flora of Aberdeen; A Botanist's Guide to the Counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine and A Flora of Ulster.

DICKSON, CHARLES 1886-1978

Charles Dickson was born in County Down and was educated in Belfast, where he became a medical practitioner. He was a civil servant and in France and Belgium served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in the First World War. From 1962 to 1970 he edited the Irish Journal of Medical Science. He published The Life of Michael Dwyer; The Wexford Rising in 1798 and Revolt in the North and was an authority on late 18th-century Ireland.

DICKSON, WILLIAM STEEL 1744-1824

William Dixon was born in Carnmoney, County Antrim, and was educated in Glasgow, where he gratuated as Doctor of Divinity in 1783. He was Presbyterian minister of Ballyhalbert and Portaferry. He was a supporter of the Volunteer movement and joining the United Irishmen, was Adjutant-General for County Down in 1798. On the eve of the rising he was imprisoned in Fort George, Scotland, until 1802. He was called to a small congregation at Keady, County Armagh, and ministered there for thirteen years. In 1812 he published Sermons and Narrative of Exile. He died in poverty in Belfast.

DILL, EDWARD MARCUS 1810-1862

Edward Marcus Dill was born in Knowehead, County Londonderry, and was educated in Glasgow. He was ordained in Cookstown in 1835 as a Presbyterian minister. He was responsible for erecting churches in Cork and Clonakilty and was instrumental in raising funds in America to aid the sufferers of the Famine in 1848. He published Ireland's Miseries; The Grand Cause and Cure and The Gathering Storm.

DILL, JOHN 1881-1944

John Dill was born in Lurgan, County Armagh, and was educated at Cheltenham College and Sandhurst Military College. He served in South Africa and in the First World War and was promoted to Commandant of the British Army Staff College. On reaching the rank of lieutenant-general he became Director of Military Operations at the War Office. In 1937 he went to France as corps commander and was appointed Chief of Staff in 1940. In 1942 he led the British military mission in Washington, where he died in 1944.

DILL, SAMUEL 1844-1925

Samuel Dill was born in Hillsborough, County Down, and was educated at the Royal Academical Institution and Queen's College, Belfast. He gained further degrees from Oxford and became governor of Owens College and Victoria University, Manchester, from 1880 to 1889. In 1890 he was appointed Professor of Greek and Pro-Chancellor of Queen's College, Belfast. He published several works on the Roman Empire and was knighted in 1909.

DILLON, GERARD 1916-1971

Gerard Dillon was born off the Falls Road, Belfast and educated at Raglan Street School, and the Christian Brothers' School. In 1930 he was apprenticed to a house painter and attended the Belfast College of Art for a short period. From 1934 to 1939 he lived in London, where he began to paint. In 1942, when he returned to Dublin, he had his first one-man show. He spent some time painting in Connemara with George Campbell. He exhibited at the Irish Exhibition of Living Art in Dublin, in 1943. From 1945 until 1968 he spent much of his time in London. He held several one-man shows, both in Belfast and in Dublin. As well as painting, he was commissioned by the Dublin Tourist Board for a wall hanging, and he designed sets, costumes and posters for the Abbey Theatre. He exhibited in America and Rome. From 1969 to 1971 he lectured in Dublin, and his painting 'Black Lake' was reproduced on a postage stamp issued from Dublin. His work appears in practically all the principal Irish collections and includes landscapes, murals and etchings. He settled in Dublin in 1968.

DIXON, EDITH (nee CLARK) d. 1964

Edith, Lady Dixon, was a benefactor. Both she and her husband, Sir Thomas Dixon, Lieutenant of Belfast, (d.1950) were deeply involved with charitable work. They founded the Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Convalescent Hospital. This was Cairndhu House, their former home, which they presented, with 100 acres, to the Hospitals Authority. They gave 4 acres of land to Larne, and this is now known as Dixon Park, and money was donated for a new church hall at Drains Bay. Another gift was the Dixon Nurses' Home of the Benn Hospital in Belfast. Sir Thomas left a legacy to found a scholarship in Larne Grammar School, and Lady Dixon presented money to Queen's University for bursaries. In 1953 she presented Wilmont House Estate at Drumbeg to Belfast Corporation, and it was converted into a residential home for the elderly. She was awarded an OBE after the First World War and she held high office in many national organisations. She was first Mayoress of Larne.

DIXON, JOSEPH 1806-1866

Joseph Dixon was born in Coalisland, County Tyrone, and was educated at Maynooth where he was ordained in 1829. He became Dean and Professor of Hebrew, and succeeded Cardinal Cullen as Archbishop of Armagh. He wrote a General Introduction to Scriptures in 1852 and The Blessed Cornelius in 1855. [Biography by M. F. Cusack].

DOBBS, ARTHUR 1689-1765

Arthur Dobbs was born in Scotland, though his family came from Castle Dobbs, County Antrim. In 1720 he was appointed high sheriff of County Antrim and mayor of Carrickfergus, a position which he attained three times. He was a member of parliament for Carrickfergus for many years and in 1728, he became deputy governor of the town. He was appointed Surveyor-General of Ireland in 1733 and ordered much new building. He was a co-founder of the Royal Dublin Society. At his instigation, two vessels were sent in 1740 to find a North-West Passage to India. A point of land on Hudson's Bay is known as Cape Dobbs. He was appointed Governor of North Carolina in 1753. He published two important works: An Essay on the Trade and Improvement of Ireland and An Account of the Countries adjoining to the Hudson's Bay. He was a keen bee-keeper and botanist and made perceptive observations about pollination. His letter 'Concerning Bees and Their Methods of Gathering Wax and Honey' was sent to the Royal Society. He joined with merchants to form the Ohio Co. of Virginia, and at the age of seventy-three, he married Justina Davis who was fifteen years old. Later the same year he suffered a stroke. He died in North Carolina.

DOBBS, FRANCIS 1750-1811

Francis Dobbs was born in County Antrim. He was called to the Bar and came to public notice as the northern Volunteer corps representative to the Dungannon Convention in 1782. He was engrossed by the prophetical scriptures and frequently predicted the end of the world; consequently he was known as 'Millenium Dobbs'. He served as member of parliament for Charlemont. He published a Letter to Lord North and a Universal History in several volumes. He felt that, through reference to various scriptures, he had proved that the union between Great Britain and Ireland was forbidden, and he made a public speech to this effect, which was printed and sold widely: Memoirs of F. Dobbs Esq. - Also Genuine Reports of his Speech in Parliament on the Subject of an Union and Prediction of the Second Coming of the Messiah, with Extracts from his Poem on the Millenium. He published The Patriot King in 1774, and Poems in 1788.

DOBBS, MARGARET EMMELINE 1873-1961

Margaret Dobbs was born in Dublin but spent much of her life in the Cushendun, County Antrim. Along with Roger Casement and Francis Biggar she was one of the organisers of the Feis in Glenarrif in 1904, and was active on the Feis Committee until the end of her life. She was an Irish scholar and felt that 'Ireland without Irish is quite meaningless'. She wrote plays, among which is She's Going to America, performed in Cushendall by the amateur dramatic society. She was closely involved with the Irish language schools in Rathlin, and at Gortahork, County Donegal. In 1916 she put forward £600 towards the defence of Roger Casement, a close friend. When she died, despite the fact that her family requested a private funeral, hundreds of people from the Glens attended.

DOCWRA, or DOWCRA, HENRY 1560-1631

Henry Dowcra came to Ireland as a young man. He was a soldier and for a period fought in Spain, where he commanded an English regiment. When he returned to Ireland he was given command of an army with which to subdue the north on the outbreak of the rebellion of Hugh O'Neill. Having sailed up Lough Foyle, he left a garrison at Culmore and took Derry. He is reputed to have been the founder of the modern city, since many streets and houses were built at his instigation. He published A Narration of the Services Done by the Army Employed to Lough Foyle under the Leading of Me, Sir Henry Dowcra, Knight.

DODD, WILLIAM HUSTON 1844-1930

William Dodd was born in Rathfriland, County Down, and was educated at the Royal Academical Institution and Queen's College, Belfast. In 1873 he was called to the Bar, and in 1896 he was appointed President of the Statistical and Social Enquiry Society. He served as a High Court judge from 1907 to 1924.

DODDINGTON (DODINGTON), EDWARD fl. 1602

Edward Doddington was first noted in Ire-land as a Captain of Foot, active in Munster during the Tyrone War. He afterwards became Constable of Dungiven Castle, County Londonderry and Killybegs Castle, County Donegal. In 1612 he is mentioned as one of the Burgesses of the newly incorporated town of Limavady, County Londonderry. He has been credited with the design of the town walls of Derry, and he also built a house at Crossalt, with a bawn and two turrets. He was the first to build in Coleraine, County Londonderry, in the English style. He was knighted.

DODDS, ERIC ROBERTSON 1893-1979

Eric Dodds was educated at Campbell College, Belfast, in Scotland, Dublin, and at Balliol College, Oxford. He taught classics in Reading and Birmingham Universities, and from 1936 to 1960 held the Chair of Greek at Oxford. He was also President of the Society for Psychical Research from 1961 to 1963, and during the 1960s was a lecturer on Swan's Hellenic Cruises. He was a friend of Auden and of Stephen McKenna, whose Journals and Letters he edited. He was Louis MacNeice's literary executor and friend and edited The Strings are False and the Collected Poems. His own books include Select Passages Illustrating Neoplatonism in 1923, The Greeks and the Irrational in 1951, The Ancient Concept of Progress and Other Essays on Greek Literature and Belief, 1973. His autobiography, Missing Persons, won the Duff Cooper Award in 1979.

DOHERTY, JOHN 1895-1980

John Doherty was a member of a family of travelling tinsmiths who circulated in the Southwest Donegal area. They made fid-dles from tin and because they were cheap they became extremely popular. He was a fiddler and his style was distinguished by the use of strict tempo - one bow stroke per note - and by the staccato sound, mimicked from the highland pipes chanter. The music was performed for dancing in the kitchen. As John Doherty said, `The old musicians . . . would take music from the sound of the sea, or they would go alongside the river at the time of the flood and they would take music from that. They would take music from the chase of the hound and the hare.'

DOHERTY, PETER DERMONT (`PETER THE GREAT') 1913-1990

Peter Doherty was born in Magherafelt, County Londonderry. He was an international scoccer player and played for Glentoran, then Blackpool and later Manchester City and Derby County. From 1946 to 1949 he was player manager at Huddlesfield Town and later played for Doncaster Rovers and Bristol City. He played sixteen matches for Northern Ireland between 1936 and 1951 and scored the equalizer against England in 1947. He was the second soccer player to be elevated to the Texaco Hall of Fame. From 1951 to 1962 he was Northern Ireland's first international team manager and led his team to qualify for the World Cup finals in 1958 where they won through to the quarterfinals.

DOLLING, ROBERT WILLIAM RADCLYFFE 1851-1901

Robert Dolling was born at Magheralin, County Down, and was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. He worked as a land agent at Kilrea, County Londonderry, and from 1870 to 1878 was involved in social work in Dublin. Before being ordained in 1885 he worked in London slums and was known as 'Brother Bob'. The next ten years of his life are documented in his publication Ten Years in a Portsmouth Slum. He resigned from the Church, but, as 'Father Dolling', went to Poplar in 1898 and continued his philanthropic endeavours. It is said that he died from overwork. [Biographies by Osborne and Clayton]

DONAGHY, JOHN LYLE 1902-1947

John Lyle Donaghy was educated at Larne Grammar School and Trinity College, Dublin. He was a schoolmaster by profession and published poetry: At Dawn Above Aherlow in 1926 and Into the Light in 1934.

DONAHOE, PATRICK 1811-1901

Patrick Donahoe was born in Munnery, County Cavan. When he was ten years old he went to Boston, where he became apprenticed to a printer. He initiated the Boston Pilot, an Irish literary journal. He became a publisher and a bookseller, but in 1872 his printing house was destroyed and in 1878 he was forced to sell the Boston Pilot. Later he began to print Donahoe's Magazine, which was a success and enabled him to buy back the Boston Pilot in 1881.

DONLEVY, ANDREW 1694-1765

Andrew Donlevy was educated in Sligo and Paris. He was a prefect of the Irish College in Paris and later Dean of Raphoe. He published The Catechism or Christian Doctrine and The Elements of the Irish Language which was printed in both Irish and English.

DONNAN, FREDERICK GEORGE 1870-1956

Frederick Donnan was born in Holywood, County Down, and was educated at Queen's College, Belfast, and in Berlin, Leipzig and London. He was an honorary graduate of the National University of Ireland and of other universities. He was a Fellow of the Royal University of Ireland from 1898 to 1901 and later an examiner there. In 1902 he was assistant professor at University College, London and from 1903 to 1904 was a Lecturer in Chemistry at the Royal College of Science, Dublin.

DONN BYRNE see O'BEIRNE, BRIAN OSWALD

DONNELLY, CHARLES 1910-1937

Charles Donnelly was born near Dungannon, County Tyrone, and was educated at University College, Dublin, where he belonged to a gifted group of young men, including Cyril Cusack and Flann O'Brien. He contributed poetry to Comhthrom Feinne. He went to London, where he worked for the Republican Congress. He submitted a thesis on military strategy in 19th-century Spain and volunteered to fight in Spain with the International Brigade. He joined the Abraham Lincoln Battalion and was killed on the Jarama front.

DONNELLY, JAMES 1822-1893

James Donnelly was born in Annahagh, County Monaghan, and was educated at Maynooth. In 1848 he was appointed to a professorship at St MacCartain's Seminary, and he spent four years from 1852 in America raising funds for the Catholic University. He became a professor in the Irish College in Paris, and in 1864 was consecrated Bishop of Clogher. He saw the completion of Monaghan Cathedral and the building of St MacCartain's Seminary and St Louis's Convent.

DONNOLLY, ROBERT nineteenth century

Robert Donnolly came from Portadown, County Armagh, and it is thought that he was a weaver. He published many poems, most in broadsheet form which he illustrated himself. His two volumes of poetry were Poems on Various Subjects, 1867 and The Poetical Works of Robert Donnolly, 1882.

DONOVAN, JOHN THOMAS 1878-1922

John Donovan was born in Belfast and studied law. In 1914 he became Nationalist member of parliament for West Wicklow and served as honorary secretary of the National Volunteers. He visited Australia and New Zealand on two occasions as envoy of the Nationlist Party.

DORAN, JOSEPH M. late 19th century

Joseph Doran trained at the School of Art in Belfast and specialised in the design of wall-papers, printed and woven textiles, metal-work and enamel-work. As a student he exhibited at the Belfast Art and Industrial Exhibition and in 1895 at the Arts and Crafts Society of Ireland. Two years later he won a national bronze medal and one of only nine Queen's Prizes for Advanced Design. In 1899 he won a scholarship to South Kensington to study for three years and produced textile designs for a number of manufacturers. In 1906 and in 1911 he exhibited at the English Arts and Crafts Society, his printed linens and cottons as well as jewellery, enamelling, carved ivory and embriodered panels for clothes. In 1909 he was included in the Studio Year Book, a survey of the leading European designers and craftsmen. Though he had an international reputation, and lived in Chelsea, he joined the Guild of Irish Art-Workers and was an honorary member of the Ulster Arts Club.

DORAN, JOSEPH 1907-1989

Joseph Doran was born in Kilkeel, County Down and educated at Kilkeel and Strawberry Hill Training College in London. He returned to Keady, County Armagh, as a teacher and became principal of Brackney School and Moneydarragh School, County Down. He was appointed the first principal of St Columban's Secondary School at Kilkeel. He wrote many articles for the Mourne Observer and the Rathfriland Outlook as well as scripts for radio and television. He was a keen walker and knew the area of the Mourne mountains. Among his publications are Hill Walks in the Mournes; My Mourne, with a preface by Estyn Evans; Wayfarer in the Mournes and Turn up the Lamp, the latter consisting of childhood recollections.

DORRIAN, PATRICK 1814-1885

Patrick Dorrian was born in Downpatrick and was educated in Maynooth, where he was ordained in 1833. He served as a curate in Belfast for ten years and was parish priest in Loughinisland, County Down, from 1847 to 1860, at which time he became Coadjutor Bishop of Down and Connor. He was consecrated in St Malachy's Church, Belfast and eventually succeeded as Bishop in 1865. He died in Dublin.

DOUGHERTY, JAMES BROWN 1844-1934

James Dougherty was born in Garvagh, County Londonderry, and was educated at Queen's College, Belfast. He was ordained a Presbyterian minister and settled in Nottingham. In 1879 he was appointed Professor of Logic and English at Magee College, Derry, a post which he occupied for the next sixteen years. In 1908 he became Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant and Clerk of the Privy Council. He was knighted and served as member of parliament for Derry City from 1914-1918.

DOUGLAS, ARTHUR COATES 1902-1937

Arthur Douglas was a sportsrnaster and a rugby and cricket international. He was capped for Ireland five times and won five Ulster Senior Cup medals. He scored two international tries, one on his debut against France. He played cricket for Ireland in thirteen internationals between 1925 and 1933.

DOUGLAS, JAMES 1867-1940

James Douglas was born in Belfast. He moved to London, and became assistant editor and literary critic of the London Star. Subsequently he became editor of the Sunday Express in 1920 and held this position until 1931. Among his published work is The Unpardonable Sin (1907); an edition of the Poems and Songs of Robert Burns and The Man in the Pulpit.

DOUGLAS, JOHN C. 1778-1850

John Douglas was born in Lurgan, County Armagh, and graduated as a medical doctor in 1803. He began a practice in Dublin and was instrumental in establishing a school of midwifery which had a very high reputation. He was a Fellow and President of the College of Physicians, Dublin.

DOWCRA, see DOCWRA, HENRY

DOWDALL, GEORGE 1487-1558

George Dowdall was appointed to the primacy of Armagh in 1543. Pope Paul III declined to sanction his appointment. He refused to adopt English ritual and during the reign of Edward VI, went into exile in France. He was restored to the primacy by Queen Mary in 1554.

DOWSE, RICHARD 1824-1890

Richard Dowse was born in Dungannon, County Tyrone, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1852 he was called to the Bar and became Queen's Counsel in 1863. From 1864 to 1872 he served as member of parliament for Derry, after which he was appointed Baron of the Exchequer.

DOYLE, LYNN C. see MONTGOMERY, LESLIE ALEXANDER

DOYLE-JONES, FRANCIS W. d.1938

Francis Doyle-Jones was the sculptor responsible for the statue of St Patrick erected near Downpatrick in 1932. He was a member of the Royal Hibernian Academy and the Royal Academy, London. He also sculpted the bust of T. M. Kettle in St Stephen's Green, Dublin.

DRENLINCOURT, PETER 1644-1722

Peter Drenlincourt was a French Huguenot who came to Ireland to act as chaplain to the Duke of Ormond. He was appointed Precentor of Christ Church, Dublin, in 1681 and resigned a further preferment as Archdeacon of Leighlin when he became Dean of Armagh in 1690. His only published work is A Speech to the Duke of Ormond and the Privy Council, to Return the Humble Thanks of the French Protestants Arrived in this Kingdom and Graciously Received. He is buried in Armagh Cathedral, where a monument has been raised to his memory. The Drenlincourt Charity School was founded in Armagh in 1732.

DRENNAN, WILLIAM 1754-1820

William Drennan was born in Belfast, was educated at Glasgow University, studied medicine at Edinburgh and practised as gynaecologist in Belfast and Newry. He went to Dublin to work, was one of the founding members of the United Irishmen, and wrote many political pamphlets. He was tried for sedition in 1794 but was acquitted. He returned to Belfast in 1800 and relinquished his medical practice. He collaborated with John Templeton and John Hancock to establish the Belfast Academical Institution and to publish the Belfast Magazine. In 1815 Fugitive Pieces was published and he translated the Electra of Sophocles. He is said to have been the person who coined the phrase 'Emerald Isle'. He requested that his coffin should pass by the Academical Institution 'and let six poor Protestants and six poor Catholics get a guinea piece for carriage of me, and a priest and a dissenting clergyman with any other friends that chuse'.

DREW, THOMAS 1838-1910

Thomas Drew was born in Belfast and was a pupil of Charles Lanyon. He was the architect for the restoration work on the two Protestant cathedrals in Dublin, Christ Church and St Patrick's. He was president of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland as well as being President of the Royal Hibernian Academy. He was knighted in 1900 and in 1910 was offered the Professorship of Architecture at the National University of Ireland, but died a few weeks later. Among his architectural designs are the Graduates' Memorial Building, Trinity College, Dublin, the Masonic Boys' School, Clonskeagh and Belfast Cathedral.

DRUMM, JAMES 1896-1974

James Drumm was born in Derrygooney, County Monaghan, and was educated at St Macarten's College, and University College, Dublin where he became Professor of Science. He was primarily a chemist and industrial technologist. He developed and manufactured batteries which were capable of being charged at very high rates. In 1930 the 'Drumm battery' was mounted in a demonstration rail coach and the result was that two 'Drumm trains' were built, which could travel with passengers at a speed of forty-seven miles per hour for eighty miles on one single charge. These trains served the lines from Connolly Station and Harcourt Street Station, to Bray in the years between 1930 and 1950. In 1940, government aid was withdrawn and the project was never fully developed. James Drumm was a member of the Senate of the National University of Ireland and in 1935 was appointed Vice-President of the Federation of Irish Industries. He was the first to import stainless steel into Ireland and was a member of the Board of the Emergency Scientific Research Bureau. He died in Dublin.

DRUMMOND, JAMES LAWSON 1783-1853

James Lawson Drummond was born in Larne, County Antrim, and was educated at the Belfast Academy. He became an apprentice surgeon in the Royal Navy and then studied medicine in Edinburgh. In 1814 he was Physician to Belfast Dispensary and four years later was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Belfast Academical Institution. From 1835 to 1836 he was Professor of Botany, and he was instrumental in founding the Faculty of Medicine of which he became the first President. He was the first President of the Belfast Natural History Society. He was founder of the Belfast Museum.

DRUMMOND, WILLIAM HAMILTON 1778-1865

William Hamilton Drummond was born in Larne, County Antrim, and was educated in Belfast and Glasgow. He was ordained in Belfast in 1800 and became minister of Holywood, County Down. He opened a boarding school at Mount Collier, outside Belfast, but left for a parish in Dublin in 1815. He wrote a great deal of poetry as well as history, and his books include Ancient Irish Minstrelsy, 1852; The Battle of Trafalgar; The Giant's Causeway; Clontarf and Bruce's Invasion of Ireland, and he paraphrased many poems from Old Irish sources. He died in Dublin. [Memoir by Rev. J. Scott Porter, 1867]

DRUMMOND, WILLIAM HENRY 1854-1907

William Drummond was born in Mohill, County Leitrim, and grew up in County Donegal. When he was about eleven years old his family emigrated to Canada and on his father's death his education was interrupted. He worked in Quebec as a telegrapher and completed his education at Montreal High School, McGill College and Bishop's Medical College, where he graduated in medicine. Before setting up a practice in Stornaway near Lake Megantic, he worked at the Western Hospital. After practising for a time in Knowlton, he returned to Montreal. He was a renowned athlete, excelling in weight-throwing, snow-shoeing and fast walking. Although he was a successful practitioner and professor of medical jurisprudence, it is for his poetry that he became known. He published The Habitant and other French-Canadian poems; Johnny Courteau and other poems and The Voyageur and other poems. The poems are remarkable in so far as they are written in the patois. Drummond's Poetical Works includes many poems about Ireland, but in Canada it is his dialect verse that won him fame. On his headstone are engraved lines by Moira O'Neill, the poet from the Glens of Antrim.

DRURY, SUSANNA fl.1733-1770

Susanna Drury was the sister of Dublin miniature painter, Franklin Drury who died in 1771. It is not known where she trained as an artist, though it is likely to have been London, because of the subjects she chose to paint. From 1690 onwards the Giant's Causeway attracted a great deal of attention and in about 1740 was depicted by Susanna Drury in two fine paintings which won the £25 premium prize. These served as the basis for a pair of magnificent engravings by Francois Vivares, which received wide European circulation. It was the second half of the 18th century before any progress was made in an explanation of the Causeway. In 1765 and 1771 the French geologist Nicholas Desmarest suggested that basalt such as that of the causeway was really consolidated lava which had been poured from volcanic eruptions. Desmarest had never visited the Causeway, but he had studied Susanna Drury's illustrations carefully, and for some years thereafter areas of columnar basalt in France, Germany or wheresoever they might occur, were known as 'Giant's Causeways'.

DRYER, JOHN nineteenth century

John Dryer, who was Danish, came to work at Armagh Observatory in 1882. His special interest was nebulae and star clusters, and he had already published on the subject. He was author of a second Armagh catalogue of stars and was requested by the Royal Astronomical Council to publish a comprehensive book which would include his own and Herschel's information. The seminal text New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters is still used by astronomers throughout the world.

DUB DA LEITHE MAC MAEL MUIRE d.1064

Dub da Leithe was Reader of Divinity at Armagh and in 1049 became abbot. He was the author of the chronicle of Ireland mentioned in the Annals of Ulster and Annals of the Four Masters.

DUCHAL, JAMES 1697-1761

James Duchal was born in Antrim and was educated at the University of Glasgow. He subsequently became a minister of a small congregation in Cambridge. Later he came to Antrim as a Presbyterian clergyman and then to Dublin to minister the dissenting congregation in Wood Street. He published many theological works and wrote hundreds of sermons. A selection of these was published in three volumes after his death.

DUFFERIN, MARQUIS OF see BLACKWOOD, FREDERICK WILLIAM TEMPLE

DUFFERIN, LADY see BLACKWOOD, HARRIET

DUFFERIN, HELEN SELENA see BLACKWOOD

DUFFIN, EMMA 20th century

Emma Duffin was born in Belfast. She enlisted as a Voluntary Auxiliary Detachment nurse and worked in front-line hospitals in Northern France and in Egypt. Initially, she was an untrained auxiliary nurse tending to the wounded as they were brought in, and changing and maintaining dressings. She kept a diary during this period. In 1941, during the Second World War, her experience of nursing in war-time was called upon. On the night of the 15th to the 16th of April, 1941, during the raid on Belfast by some two hundred Luftwaffa bombers, over nine hundred people were killed. Emma reported to Belfast market which was being used as a morgue. The experience left a profound expression, which she recorded in her diaries of the Second World War. These diaries are now in the Public Records Office of Northern Ireland.

DUFFY, BERNARD 1882-1952

Bernard Duffy was born in Carrickmacross, County Monaghan. In 1907 he was called to the Bar. He was a prolific writer and his novels include Oriel (1918) and The Rocky Road (1929). Among his plays are Cupboard Love; The Coiner; The Plot and The Counter-charm.

DUFFY, CHARLES GAVAN 1816-1903

Charles Duffy was born in Monaghan and was educated at local hedge schools. He worked in Dublin and Belfast as a journalist, and though called to the Bar in 1845, he did not practise. He joined the Young Ireland movement, was founder of the Belfast Vindicator in 1839 and co-founder of the Nation, a weekly journal, in 1842, but it was suppressed in 1848 and Duffy was arrested. In 1849 he was released and he revived the Nation, and in 1852 was elected member of parliament for New Ross. His attempts at land reform were thwarted by the House of Lords, and in 1855 he emigrated to Australia. In 1871 he became Prime Minister of Victoria and was knighted in 1873. He returned to Europe and in 1892 was elected President of the Irish Literary Society in London. He established the New Irish Library, and among his publications are a history of the Young Ireland movement, his autobiography, My Life in Two Hemispheres; Four Years of Irish History and Life of Thomas Davis. He died in Nice and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.

DUFFY, JAMES 1809-1871

James Duffy was born in Monaghan and was educated at a hedge school. Before starting his own bookselling business in 1830, he worked as a bookseller's assistant in Dublin. He sold the popular twopenny edition of Boney's Oraculum or Napoleon's Book of Fate and then launched his Popular Sixpenny Library. He published the work of such writers as Mangan and Carleton and the writings of the Young Irelanders.

DUIGENAN, PATRICK 1735-1816

Patrick Duigenan was born in County Leitrim, and though his parents were Catholic, he became a Protestant. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was called to the Bar in 1767. In 1785 he was appointed King's Advocate-General of the High Court of Admiralty, and in 1790 he was elected as member of parliament for Old Leighlin. He advocated the Union in speeches and pamphlets. For the last sixteen years of his life Duigenan represented Armagh in the United Kingdom parliament.

DUKE, P. J. 1925-1950

P. J. Duke was a G.A.A. football mid-fielder and right halfback for County Cavan. He played for Stradone and University Col-lege, Dublin. He won three Sigerson Cup medals, in 194.5, 1949 and 1947, when he was captain. He was a member of the Cavan senior championship side from 1945 and won two All-Ireland Senior Championship medals with Cavan in 1947 and 1948. He won a Railway Cup medal in 1950 for Ul-ster.

DUNKIN, WILLIAM c.1709-1765

William Dunkin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1735. He was a friend of Swift, who wrote of him 'he is a gentleman of much wit, and the best English as well as Latin poet in the Kingdom'. Eventually Lord Chesterfield placed Dunkin as Principal of Portora, the endowed school of Enniskillen. His collected work, Poems and Epistles, was published in two volumes in 1774.

DUNLAP, JOHN 1747-1812

John Dunlap was born in Strabane, County Tyrone. As a child he went to Philadelphia to live with his uncle William, who was a printer and publisher. By the age of eighteen he was running his uncle's business and had started the newspaper Pennsylvania Packet. This venture was extremely successful, and in 1784 it became the first daily newspaper in the United States; it later became known as the North American and United States Gazette. He was appointed printer to Congress, and it was his press which first issued the Declaration of Independence. George Washington appointed him an officer in his bodyguard at Trenton and Princeton. In a letter home on the 12th of May, 1785, he wrote 'There is no place in the world where a man meets so rich a reward for good conduct and industry as in America.' He died in Philadelphia.

DUNLOP, JOHN BOYD 1840-1921

John Dunlop was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was educated there and at Irvine Academy, where he qualified as a veterinary surgeon in 1859. He moved to Ireland in his late twenties and set up a successful veterinary practice in Belfast. At this point he became fascinated with the improvement of the bicycle wheel, and though he did not actually invent the pneumatic tyre, he was responsible for inventing the first practical form of it. His fascination stemmed from his ailing son, who was prescribed cycling as a therapy and could not endure solid tyres on cobblestones. His application for patent read 'a hollow tyre or tube made of India rubber and cloth...said tube or tyre to contain air under pressure or otherwise and to be attached to the wheel'. This patent was bought by Harvey du Cros and developed into the Dunlop Rubber Company. His first experimental bicycle pneumatic tyre was presented by Dunlop to the Royal Scottish Museum, and it is still on exhibit there. The first new tyres were manufactured by Edlin & Sinclair of Belfast and later by a Dublin firm, Bowden & Gillies, of which Dunlop became a director. He died in Dublin.

DUNVILLE, JOHN 1866-1929

John Dunville was born in Holywood, County Down and was educated at Cambridge University. He became chairman of Dunville & Co., Belfast, and twice won the Northcliffe Cup for the greatest distance travelled in a balloon. In 1908 he held the record for the longest time in the air and flew from Holyhead to Dublin in one hour and fifty minutes. He served in the Royal Air Force during the First World War and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was made a Companion of the British Empire.

DUNVILLE, ROBERT GRIMSHAW 1838-1910

Robert Dunville was a member of the Dunville whiskey-distilling family and lived at Redburn, near Holywood, County Down. He wrote poetry, and among his volumes are The Voyage and North Sea Bubbles, which was a collection for young people, illustrated by the author.